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Heart health articles

Clear, practical information on cardiac symptoms, conditions and tests — written to help you understand your heart health and know when to seek advice.

What are the stages of heart failure?

Heart failure is described in stages, from being at risk (stage A) to advanced disease (stage D). This guide explains each stage, how symptoms are graded and what the 2026 European guidelines change.

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Why is an ECG Test Done?

An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a common and valuable test that helps your cardiologist understand your heart's rhythm and electrical activity. It is often the first step in diagnosing a range of heart conditions.

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What Causes Heart Valve Disease?

Heart valve disease can be caused by factors present at birth, such as a bicuspid aortic valve, or develop later in life from infections, coronary artery disease, or the natural ageing process. Understanding the causes helps you have informed discussions with your cardiologist.

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Have a question about your heart?

Articles are general information. For advice about your own symptoms, arrange a consultation and we will guide you.