Adult Congenital Heart Disease: What You Need to Know

Adult congenital heart disease encompasses any heart defect that has been present since birth and persists into adult life. It is estimated that around one in every 100 babies is born with a heart defect, with many surviving into adulthood. In the UK, there are now more adults than children living with congenital heart disease, according to the British Heart Foundation. ACHD covers a wide spectrum, from mild conditions that may not require treatment to complex defects needing lifelong specialist input.

There are many different congenital heart defects, but some of the more common ones seen in adulthood include: atrial septal defect (a hole between the upper heart chambers), ventricular septal defect (a hole between the lower chambers), coarctation of the aorta (narrowing of the main artery), tetralogy of Fallot, and transposition of the great arteries. The nature and severity of the defect will determine the symptoms, if any, and the treatment needed.

Regular monitoring is essential for adults with congenital heart disease, even if you feel well. Tests may include echocardiograms (ultrasound of the heart), cardiac MRI scans, holter monitoring to record your heart rhythm, and exercise testing. At The Cardiology Clinic, we offer a range of diagnostic tests including echocardiography and holter monitoring to assess your heart's structure and rhythm. For more complex imaging, we can arrange cardiac MRI. These investigations help detect complications such as valve problems, heart muscle weakness, or arrhythmias at an early stage.

Many people with ACHD lead full, active lives but may need to take certain precautions, such as antibiotics before dental procedures to prevent infective endocarditis. If you are planning a pregnancy, it is vital to discuss this with your cardiologist, as pregnancy puts extra strain on the heart. Regular follow-up is key to catch any potential complications early. If you experience new symptoms like increasing shortness of breath, palpitations, or swelling of the ankles, please contact your cardiology team promptly. In an emergency, call 999.

This article is intended as a general guide. For personalised advice, please book a consultation with our consultant cardiologist. We are conveniently located for patients in Poole, Bournemouth, and the wider Dorset area.

The information in this article is based on guidance from the British Heart Foundation, the NHS, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), and the European Society of Cardiology.